Which term refers to a score that has been transformed from a raw score on a standardized test into an equivalent score earned by the average student in the norming group?

• A. Diphthongs
• B. Grade Equivalent/ Grade Score
• C. Early Readers
• D. Justified Print

Answer: (B)

When a raw test score is turned into a norm-based result, the term used is Grade Equivalent (also called Grade Score). This type of score shows what the student’s performance would look like if they were average for a particular grade level within the norming group. In other words, it translates the raw number of correct answers into a level that corresponds to the mean performance of students in a specific grade (often shown with a grade and month). It helps compare a student to typical peers at different points in the school year, but it can be misleading if interpreted as a precise measure of ability or readiness.

The other terms don’t fit because they refer to unrelated concepts: diphthongs are vowel sounds, Early Readers is a label for learners at the start of reading, and Justified Print is a typography term.